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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 29(1): e009819, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058019

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to confirm the emergence of canine visceral leishmaniasis among dogs in Foz do Iguaçu. The disease was diagnosed through the isolation and molecular identification of Leishmania infantum. In the first sample collection stage (2012), three lymph node aspirates and 46 buffy coat samples were obtained mostly from the dogs that were seroreagents for leishmaniasis. In the second sample collection stage (2013), the buffy coat samples were collected from 376 dogs located close to Paraguay, Paraná river, center and peripheral parts of the city. The DNA from the six isolates, four from the first sampling stage (4/49) and two from the second sampling stage (2/376), was subjected to polymerase chain reaction using the K26F/R primers. The isolate was confirmed as L. infantum by sequencing. As none of the dogs had ever left the city, the isolates were confirmed as autochthonous. Further, the study confirmed the emergence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Paraná through the identification of L. infantum among dogs in Foz do Iguaçu city. Hence, collaborative control measures should be designed and implemented by the public agencies and research institutions of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay to control the spread of visceral leishmaniasis.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi confirmar a emergência da leishmaniose visceral canina em Foz do Iguaçu próximo à fronteira com a Argentina e ao Paraguai, por meio do isolamento e identificação molecular de Leishmania infantum. Em um primeiro estágio de coleta de animais (2012), três amostras de aspirados de linfonodos e 46 camadas leucocitárias foram obtidas de cães soropositivos para leishmaniose. Em um segundo estágio de coleta (2013), foram coletadas amostras de camada leucocitária de 376 cães de 20 localidades próximas à fronteira com o Paraguai, rio Paraná, centro e periferia da cidade. Seis isolados foram obtidos, quatro da primeira etapa (4/49) e dois da segunda etapa (2/376); estes isolados foram submetidos à amplificação com iniciadores K26F/R, e a análise de sua sequência confirmou a espécie como L. infantum. A autoctonia dos casos foi confirmada, pois 100% dos cães nunca haviam saído da cidade. O estudo confirma a emergência de leishmaniose visceral canina no Paraná com identificação de L. infantum em cães da cidade de Foz do Iguaçu. Assim, medidas de controle devem ser elaboradas e implementadas por órgãos públicos e instituições de pesquisa do Brasil, Argentina e Paraguai em parceria com o objetivo de controlar a disseminação de zoonoses e os casos humanos de LV.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmania infantum/isolation & purification , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology
2.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 27(3): 338-347, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959197

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in dogs from localities in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná state, Brazil, on the border with Argentina and Paraguay. Blood samples dogs were collected to perform the following serologic tests: immunochromatographic DPP® rapid test, indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). In 2012, 285 dogs were analyzed on Argentina border, and in 2013, serum samples from 396 dogs on the border of Paraguay were collected. Using ELISA for screening and IFA for the confirmatory test, the results showed that the antibody prevalence was 1.8% (5/285) on the border of Argentina and 3.0% (12/396) on Paraguay border. When using the DPP® for screening and ELISA as a confirmatory analysis, we observed a seroreagent prevalence in dogs of 2.5% (7/285) on Argentina border and 5.1% (20/396) on Paraguay border. The non-public collection of domestic waste (p= 0.0004) was shown to be associated with leishmaniasis. This study shows the presence of leishmaniasis and suggest the emergence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in state of Paraná due to the confirmed occurrence of seroreactive dogs on Argentina and Paraguay border, which has environmental and geographical characteristics that favor the spread of the parasite.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti- Leishmania spp. em cães da cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, estado do Paraná, Brasil, fronteira com a Argentina e o Paraguai. Amostras de sangue de cães foram coletadas para realização dos seguintes testes sorológicos: teste rápido imunocromatográfico DPP®, ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA) e ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). Em 2012, 285 cães foram analisados na fronteira com Argentina e, em 2013, amostras de soro de 396 cães na fronteira com o Paraguai. Utilizando ELISA para triagem e IFA para o teste confirmatório, os resultados mostraram uma prevalência de anticorpos de 1,8% (5/285) na fronteira da Argentina e 3,0% (12/396) na fronteira com o Paraguai. Ao usar o DPP® para triagem e ELISA como uma análise confirmatória, observou-se uma prevalência de cães sororreagentes de 2,5% (7/285) na fronteira com a Argentina e 5,1% (20/396) na fronteira com o Paraguai. A não coleta pública de lixo doméstico (p = 0,0004) mostrou-se associada à leishmaniose. Este estudo demonstra a presença de leishmaniose e sugere a emergência da leishmaniose visceral canina no estado do Paraná devido à ocorrência de cães sororreagentes na fronteira Argentina e Paraguai, que possuem características ambientais e geográficas que favorecem a disseminação do parasito.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Leishmania/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Brazil , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Prevalence , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology
3.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 34(1): 34-41, jan./feb. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-966539

ABSTRACT

The constant presence of genetically modified (GM) soybean in conventional seed lots has become a growing problem for international seed trade. In this context, seed companies have prompted the development of routine tests for accurate genetically modified soybean seeds detection. In this study, a quantitative PCR-based method was standardized in order to detect and quantify mixtures of seeds (i.e. certified seed) or GM grains (i.e. seeds came from field) into samples of non-GM soybean, in a way that soybean lots can be assessed within the standards established by legislation. The method involved the use of p35S-f2/petu-r1 primers targeting CP-4 enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (cp4-epsps) gene (i.e. that confers herbicide tolerance in Roundup ReadyTM (RR)) for real-time PCR detection and quantification through mericon Quant GMO Detection Assay. The results revealed the method efficiency to detect and quantify the presence of even one soybean seed in batch used for routine evaluation of GM seeds. In addition, it was possible to detect of up to 0.1% of transgenic DNA relative to the soybean grains content. Thus, the sensitive GMO quantitative approach described in this study will provide support in supervising activities, and facilitate the process and control of GM soybean.


A constante presença da soja geneticamente modificada (GM) em lotes de sementes convencionais têm se tornado um grande problema para o comércio internacional de sementes. Neste contexto, as empresas de sementes estão em busca de testes de rotina extremamente precisos para a detecção de sementes de soja geneticamente modificadas. Neste estudo, um método baseado em PCR quantitativo foi padronizado para detectar e quantificar misturas de sementes (i.e. sementes certificadas) ou grãos geneticamente modificados (i.e. sementes oriundas do campo) dentro de lotes de soja não transgênica, de um modo que os lotes de soja possam ser avaliados dentro dos parâmetros estabelecidos pela legislação. O método envolveu o uso dos iniciadores p35S-f2/petu-r1 alvejando o gene CP-4 5-nolpiruvil-shikimato-3-fosfato sintase (cp4-epsps) (i.e. que confere a tolerância ao herbicida Roundup Ready® (RR)) para detecção e quantificação em PCR de tempo real via Ensaio de detecção Mericon Quant GMO. Os resultados revelaram um método eficiente para detectar e quantificar a presença de até mesmo uma única semente de soja no lote usado para a avaliação de rotina de sementes geneticamente modificadas. Adicionalmente, foi possível detectar até 0,1% de DNA transgênico relativo ao conteúdo de grãos de soja. Dessa forma, uma abordagem quantitativa sensível à soja geneticamente modificada foi descrita nesse estudo e poderá fornecer suporte em atividades de supervisão, além de facilitar o processo de controle da soja geneticamente modificada.


Subject(s)
Seeds , Glycine max , Plants, Genetically Modified , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Herbicides
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(3): 310-315, May-Jun/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-679529

ABSTRACT

Introduction Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan, is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, and it is estimated that approximately 5 million people in Brazil are infected with this parasite. This work aimed to compare the current diagnostic methods for Chagas disease, including conventional serological (IFAT and ELISA) and molecular techniques (PCR), to introduce PCR as an auxiliary technique. Methods A total of 106 chagasic patients were evaluated: 88 from endemic areas of Parana, 6 from São Paulo, 3 from Minas Gerais, 3 from Rio Grande do Sul, 1 from Bahia and 5 from the Santa Catarina T. cruzi outbreak. The samples were analyzed by conventional serological methods (IFAT, ELISA), hemoculture and PCR to confirm Chagas disease. Results When IFAT was used to determine antibody levels, the sensitivity was 81.7% for patients with the cardiac form of the disease and 100% for the other clinical forms. In contrast, ELISA showed 84% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The use of serological and molecular techniques and their implications for the diagnosis of Chagas disease in non-endemics area are discussed. Conclusions PCR constitutes an excellent support methodology for the laboratory diagnosis of Chagas disease due to its high sensitivity and specificity. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , Trypanosoma cruzi , Acute Disease , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Disease , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology
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